An Analysis of Suicidal Deaths (Hanging and Poisoning): A Cross-Sectional Examination

Background: Suicidal deaths, a global public health concern, demand detailed analysis considering biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. The World Health Organization estimates nearly 700,000 suicides annually, with Bangladesh experiencing 10,000 deaths, notably affecting young adult females. Adolescents, mainly aged 15 to 18, face higher suicide rates influenced by individual predispositions and environmental factors. Hanging and poisoning are prevalent methods, with hanging, especially suspension hanging, being a leading global cause of death. Research highlights the evolving nature of suicide methods in Asia, posing challenges for universal prevention strategies.

Aim of the Study: The study aimed to examine incidents of suicide death related to Hanging and Poisoning in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Methods: This cross-sectional study at Dhaka Medical College, Bangladesh, spanning a year from January 2022 to December 2022, focused on 350 autopsies investigating suicide-related deaths (hanging and poisoning). Data collected retrospectively from hospital records adhered to legal and ethical guidelines. Participants included adults over 18, with both genders considered, meeting the inclusion criteria. Exclusion criteria involved cases under 18 and natural deaths. The study emphasized informed consent and the right to withdraw. Systematic organization of information, including tables and graphs, explained in detail. Statistical analysis using SPSS on Windows presented mean values for continuous parameters and frequency/percentage for categorical parameters, ensuring a comprehensive overview.

Results: This study on 204 suicidal deaths by hanging and poisoning reveals a concentration among individuals aged 11-30, with the 21-30 age group contributing the highest percentage at 35.29%. Males account for 53.92%, and most victims are married (61.27%). Muslims constitute 92.16%, and students comprise the largest profession (38.73%). Suicides peak in summer (37.14%) and are attributed to family disharmony (28.43%) and unexplained reasons (33.33%). Hanging is the more prevalent method (54.41%), showing characteristics like parchmentization (93.69%) and a single ligature mark (96.40%), while poisoning cases exhibit distinct features like stomach content (26.88%) and signs of previous attempts (15.05%).

Conclusion: This study on suicidal deaths in Dhaka, Bangladesh, reveals patterns, triggers, and methods, emphasizing concentration among young adults. Family disharmony and unexplained reasons are prominent triggers, with notable gender differences favouring males. Hanging and poisoning are primary methods, each with unique autopsy findings. The study calls for targeted suicide prevention strategies, including comprehensive mental health initiatives, addressing familial conflicts, and tailored interventions for high-risk groups. Ongoing research and collaborative efforts involving healthcare professionals, policymakers, and communities are recommended to address this complex issue effectively.

Keywords: Suicidal Deaths, Hanging, Poisoning and Cross-Sectional Examination.